A fresh wave of US tariffs on a wide array of Canadian goods came into effect on Saturday after a last-minute breakdown in trade talks.
Carney said “last-minute changes in the US proposed terms were unfair, uneconomic, and called into question the reliability of any deal”.
Trade negotiators had been engaged in intense talks since July, after President Donald Trump threatened to impose a 50% levy on nearly $20bn (C$28bn) of Canadian imports by 19 August.
Trump had temporarily paused those tariffsearlier in the week, saying the two sides were close to signing a trade deal that was “very good” for both countries.
But minutes before the deadline for a deal, Carney said that while “important progress” had been made in the talks it was “not enough to meet our objectives for Canadians”.
“As a result, this evening, I have decided to suspend trade negotiations with the US and have directed negotiators to return to Ottawa,” he said.
“Last-minute changes in the US proposed terms were unfair, uneconomic, and called into question the reliability of any deal.”
After Carney’s announcement US trade representative Jamieson Greer said in a statement: “Tonight, Canada declined to finalise the trade deal under the terms agreed earlier this week.
“Despite the US offer to Canada to receive the best treatment of any major exporter to our market, new demands and walk backs of other commitments by Canada have upended the careful balance reached in the past days.”
The breakdown in talks marks a significant shift in tone from earlier in the week, when both US and Canadian officials sounded optimistic that a trade deal beneficial for both countries was within reach.
Negotiators were reportedly discussing a deal that would reduce US tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminium from 50% to 25%, and on Canadian autos from 25% to 15%.
In exchange, Carney had asked Canadian provinces to restore US alcohol to store shelves.
Tensions between the two major trading partners have been simmering since Trump returned to office in January last year and unleashed a wide-ranging global programme of tariffs, upending decades of free trade between Canada and the US.
Now that talks have broken down, Canada will be hit with new 50% US tariffs imposed by Trump using a Depression-era law called the Tariff Act of 1930.
They will be applied on a range of goods, including wine, dairy, cement, clothing and hockey equipment.
They are in addition to existing tariffs the US had already imposed on Canadian steel and aluminium, autos and lumber.
Businesses and stakeholders on both sides of the border had pushed for a deal to be reached, arguing that the new US tariffs on Canada will be harmful to both countries.
In a statement, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce called the tariffs “a body blow to North American competitiveness”.
“For a small Canadian exporter operating on tight margins, this isn’t an abstract trade dispute. It means looking at your orders, your payroll and your employees and asking what you can still afford,” said the chamber’s president Candace Laing.
Canada could lose 90,000 jobs if the new tariffs were implemented, according to estimates in an analysis published on Thursday by Calgary-based economist Trevor Tombe.
Financial analysts have projected the new 50% tariffs could take a bite of 0.3% to 0.6% of Canada’s overall GDP.
Doug Ford, premier of Canada’s most populous province Ontario, said “the prime minister has my full support for a strong response – tariff for tariff, dollar for dollar”.
Ontario, which has a large manufacturing and auto sector, has been among the hardest hit of Canada’s provinces in this trade dispute. The economies of Quebec and British Columbia are also going to be especially exposed to the new tariffs.
Canada has been engaged in on-again, off-again trade negotiations with the US for over a year in pursuit of a deal that would see the US drop or reduce tariffs on these key sectors.
The US, meanwhile, has been asking for a number of concessions from Canada, including removing its remaining retaliatory tariffs on American autos and adjusting its dairy quotas to allow greater access for US cheese producers.